How can an amendment be proposed?

An amendment to the Constitution can be proposed through two main methods, both reflecting a significant consensus among the states or national legislature. The first method is through a two-thirds vote in both houses of Congress, which demonstrates strong support from the elected representatives of the people. The second method involves a national convention called for by two-thirds of the state legislatures, allowing states to directly participate in the amendment process.

Choosing the option about the two-thirds vote in Congress or a national convention accurately reflects the rigorous process outlined in Article V of the Constitution. This requirement ensures that any amendment represents a substantial agreement among states or the federal legislature, maintaining the foundational principle of federalism where both national and state interests are preserved in the Constitution's amendment process. The other options do not align with this structured process; for instance, a presidential executive order, a simple majority in state legislatures, or a Supreme Court decision do not conform to the formal mechanisms designated for proposing amendments.