What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?

The U.S. Congress is composed of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives. This bicameral structure was established by the Constitution to balance the representation of states in the legislative process. The Senate consists of two senators from each state, ensuring equal representation regardless of state size, while the House of Representatives allocates seats based on the population of each state, providing a representation that reflects the demographic makeup of the nation.

This arrangement is significant because it embodies the federal system of government, allowing both equal representation for states and proportional representation for citizens. The Senate plays distinct roles, including the ratification of treaties and the confirmation of presidential appointments, while the House is primarily responsible for initiating revenue-raising bills. This division of responsibilities further emphasizes the importance of each chamber in the legislative process.

Other options reference incorrect components of the U.S. government. For instance, the House of Commons is part of the United Kingdom's parliamentary system, while the Cabinet and the Supreme Court, although vital to the government, are separate entities with different functions. The correct identification of the two parts of Congress underscores the foundational structure of the U.S. legislative process.