What does the Eighth Amendment prohibit?

The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution specifically prohibits cruel and unusual punishment, which is focused on ensuring that punishments for crimes are not excessive, degrading, or inhumane. This protection is essential in maintaining a humane justice system where punishments remain proportional to the offense committed. The amendment aims to prevent abusive practices such as torture, excessive fines, or overly harsh sentences that could be considered in violation of human dignity.

Understanding this prohibition is crucial, especially in evaluating past and present legal cases where the constitutionality of certain punishments is challenged. This central tenet has helped shape American criminal law and has been the foundation for numerous Supreme Court cases regarding the nature of punishment and the rights of individuals under the law.