What does the term "judicial review" mean?

Judicial review refers to the power of courts to evaluate and determine the constitutionality of laws and government actions. This principle is rooted in the idea that the Constitution is the supreme law of the land, allowing the judiciary the authority to ensure that legislative and executive actions comply with the constitutional framework.

The concept of judicial review was established in the landmark case of Marbury v. Madison (1803), where the Supreme Court asserted its role in interpreting the Constitution and invalidating laws that conflict with its provisions. By exercising this power, courts can protect individual rights and maintain the rule of law, acting as a check on the powers of the other branches of government.

In contrast, the other options pertain to different aspects of the legal system. The process of creating new laws focuses on legislative procedures, the ability to appeal court rulings deals with the appellate process, and the appointment of judges involves the selection and confirmation of individuals to judicial positions. Each of these processes plays a distinct role within the legal framework but does not define the concept of judicial review itself.