What serves as the foundation for American democracy?

The Constitution serves as the foundation for American democracy because it establishes the framework for the government and outlines the principles and rules by which the country operates. It sets forth the separation of powers among the three branches of government—executive, legislative, and judicial—and establishes checks and balances to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful. Furthermore, the Constitution enshrines the fundamental rights and liberties of individuals, thereby protecting democratic ideals and ensuring a government that is accountable to the people.

While political parties play a significant role in the functioning of democracy by facilitating political organization and debate, they do not form the foundational legal document upon which the government is built. The Bill of Rights, which comprises the first ten amendments to the Constitution, enumerates specific rights and protections for individuals, but it is the Constitution as a whole that establishes the structure and principles of American democracy. The Declaration of Independence articulates the values of liberty and equality and justifies the colonies' separation from Britain, but it does not provide the governing framework that the Constitution does.