Which amendment has the primary focus of equality for all citizens?

The Fourteenth Amendment is primarily focused on equality for all citizens. Ratified in 1868, it contains several important provisions that aim to ensure equal protection under the law and due process for all individuals, particularly those recently freed from slavery. The Equal Protection Clause, found within this amendment, prohibits states from denying any person within their jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws, effectively aiming to eliminate discrimination based on race, gender, or other characteristics.

The significance of the Fourteenth Amendment in promoting equality is further emphasized by its role in landmark Supreme Court cases such as Brown v. Board of Education, which struck down racial segregation in public schools, and Roe v. Wade, which involved questions of gender equality and personal rights. By establishing a constitutional guarantee for all citizens to be treated equally, the Fourteenth Amendment forms a cornerstone of civil rights in the United States.

In contrast, other amendments mentioned have different focuses: the Twelfth Amendment addresses the electoral process and the election of the President and Vice President; the Fifteenth Amendment specifically prevents the denial of voting rights based on race; and the Nineteenth Amendment grants women the right to vote. While each of these amendments contributes to the overall progression of equality and civil rights, the Fourteenth Amendment encompasses a