Which amendment prohibits the manufacture and sale of alcohol?

The Eighteenth Amendment is the amendment that prohibits the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol in the United States. Ratified in 1919, it introduced Prohibition, aiming to reduce crime and corruption associated with alcohol consumption and address social issues. The context surrounding this amendment involved a significant push from temperance movements, which advocated for the ban of alcohol, believing it was harmful to society and families.

This amendment established a framework for the enforcement of such prohibition through the Volstead Act, although many challenges and violations arose afterward, leading to widespread illegal activity, known as bootlegging. Ultimately, the negative consequences of Prohibition and the difficulty of enforcement resulted in the Eighteenth Amendment being repealed by the Twenty-first Amendment in 1933.

The other amendments mentioned do not deal with alcohol. The Sixteenth Amendment established income tax, the Fourteenth Amendment deals with citizenship and equal protection of the laws, and the Ninth Amendment protects unenumerated rights, none of which relate to the prohibition of alcohol.