Which amendment protects against self-incrimination?

The 5th Amendment to the United States Constitution is specifically designed to protect individuals from self-incrimination. This means that under this amendment, a person cannot be compelled to testify against themselves in criminal cases. The famous phrase "plead the Fifth" comes from this amendment, indicating a person's right to remain silent to avoid providing evidence that could potentially be used against them in court.

The protection against self-incrimination is a critical component of the legal system as it upholds the principle of fairness and the presumption of innocence. The idea is that the burden of proof lies with the government or the prosecution, rather than on the accused individual to prove their innocence. This amendment ensures that individuals are not forced to provide possibly incriminating testimony, maintaining the integrity of the judicial process and protecting citizens from coercive interrogation practices.

In contrast, the other amendments mentioned deal with different rights: the 4th Amendment addresses unreasonable searches and seizures, the 6th Amendment guarantees the right to a fair trial and legal representation, and the 8th Amendment protects against cruel and unusual punishment. Each of these amendments serves distinct and important functions within the framework of American law.