Who appoints Supreme Court justices?

The appointment of Supreme Court justices is a power granted to the President of the United States, who selects nominees. However, this appointment is not unilateral; it requires confirmation from the Senate, which serves as a check on the President's power. This process ensures that justices are not only chosen based on presidential preference but also must gain the approval of the legislative branch, reflecting the system of checks and balances established by the Constitution. The Senate's role is critical as it allows for scrutiny of the nominee's qualifications, judicial philosophy, and character, promoting accountability in this significant lifetime appointment.

The other options reflect misunderstandings of the Constitutional process: Congress as a whole cannot appoint justices; the Chief Justice does not have the authority to appoint justices without presidential involvement; and the Senate Judiciary Committee plays a role in reviewing nominations, but it does not have exclusive authority over the appointment process.