Who is responsible for determining the number of congressional seats each state receives?

The correct answer is the Census because the number of congressional seats each state receives is based on population data collected every ten years through the United States Census. This count determines how many representatives each state is allotted in the House of Representatives, which is designed to reflect changes in population throughout the country. After the Census is conducted, congressional districts are redrawn to ensure that representation is fairly distributed according to the latest population numbers.

Congress does play a role in the process, as they establish laws governing how the Census is conducted and how seats are allocated, but they do not directly determine the number of seats; that is a result of the Census data. The President and the Supreme Court do not have roles in allocating congressional seats based on population; rather, they have different responsibilities within the framework of the government.